A project may be defined as a series of related jobs usually directed toward some major output and requiring a significant period of time to perform.

Project management can be defined as planning, directing, and controlling resources (people, equipment, materials) to meet the technical, cost, and time constraints of the project.

Structuring Projects

Before the project starts, senior management must decide which of three organizational structures will be used to tie the project to the parent firm: pure project, functional project, or matrix project.

Pure Project(nickname Skunkworks)

Where a self-contained team works full time on the project.

Advantages

- The project manager has full authority over the project.

- Team members report to one boss. They do not have to worry about dividing loyalty with a functional-area manager.

-  Lines of communication are shortened. Decisions are made quickly.

- Team pride, motivation, and commitment are high.

Disadvantages

- Duplication of resources.

- Organizational goals and policies are ignored, as team members are often both physically and psychologically removed from headquarters.

- The organization falls behind in its knowledge of new technology due to weakened functional divisions.

-  Because team members have no functional area home, they worry about life-after-project and project termination is delays.

Functional Project

The functional project house the project within a functional division.

Advantages

-  A team member can work on several projects.

- Technical expertise is maintained within the functional area even if individuals leave the project or organization.

-  The functional area is a home after the project is completed.

-  A critical mass of specialized functional-area experts creates synergistic solutions to a project’s technical problems.

Disadvantages

-  Aspects of the project that are not directly related to the functional area get shortchanged.

-  Motivation of team members is often weak.

-  Needs of the client are secondary and are responded to slowly.

Matrix Project

Advantages                        

-  Communication between functional divisions is enhanced.

-        A project manager is held responsible for successful completion of the project.

-  Duplication of resource is minimized.

-  Team members have a functional “home” after project completion, so they are less worried about life-after-project than if they were a pure project organization.

-  Policies of the parent organization are followed. This increase support for project.

Disadvantages

-  There are too many bosses.

-  Depends on project manager’s negotiating skills

-  Suboptimization is a danger, as PMs hoard resources for their own project, thus harming other projects.

Người đăng: Huỳnh Linh Lan

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