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16/06/2014 09:59:46 AM

Design and construction procedure for foreign investment high rise buildings in relation to Vietnamese laws and legal procedures.

Schematic Design Phase

The building servicesschematic stage allows for the systems required to be visualized and documented schematically to allow the project team to understand the requirements of the individual systems.

Over the schematic stage the various options are developed and available to determine the actual capacities of the plants involved. Schematics are prepared using engineering type drawings.

Based upon the benefits and disadvantages and relative estimated costs, usually the client is in a position to make informed decisions on the relevant systems to be employed in the project. These decisions are required for finalising the schematic design, and for physical co-ordination during the next phase.

This is a key decision making phase for the client with respect to building services.

The types of systems that will be required and the approximate sizing of these systems will be prepared, including the following activities;

1.     Preparation and presentation of building servicesschematics.

2.     Building servicesschematic report and engineering schematic drawings of systems

3.     Develop outline designs and establish space planning requirements associated with the mechanical and electrical systems, including locations and approximate sizes of plant rooms, major items of plant, major ducts, and service routes.

4.     Perform functional and economical system analysis and suggest energy efficient and cost effective solutions.

5.     Provide types and quality concepts for materials, equipment, and systems. Identify necessary modifications to building systems.

These activities would include space allocations, preliminary loading calculations, system schematics, system descriptions, collection and selection of appropriate standards, and preliminary co-ordination with structural members and architectural features.  These activities involve a high level of conceptual planning and co-ordination with the architect and structural engineer.

 In particular, the following communications will be initiated to obtain local requirements;

1.     Meeting with local authorities such as power supply authority (EVN), waste water drainage company, fire police, safety department (if any)

2.     Liaison with service suppliers such as water supply company, post office, cable television and satellite television supplier, gas supplier etc.

3.     Basic design documents are prepared 

Design Development Phase

The building servicesdesign development stage is an interactive stage where the requirements of the systems are co-ordinated with the architectural and structural elements (eg risers, plantrooms, ceiling voids etc).

Generally the major client decisions are made prior to design development, as much time and effort is required to integrate the architectural, structural, and building servicesdisciplines. Careful thought and quality time needs to be spent in these activities to ensure that the building works well and is constructable.

Design development includes the following activities;

1.     Provide more detailed plans (in progress review of Architects' design development drawings reflecting any changes from schematics). Schematics would be developed further and particular space requirements for plantrooms, risers, ceiling voids etc would be identified.

2.     Initiate specifications and schedules for the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection systems showing all systems to be provided.

3.     Prior to initiation of production information/tendering documents, co-ordination meetings shall take place to confirm and ensure design intent is understood and pre-contract approved.

4.     Finalise all equipment space, clearance requirements, load calculations etc.

5.     Final determination of all vertical/horizontal shaft openings required for mechanical, electrical and plumbing equipment, in co-ordination with the other consultants.

6.     Identify potential conflicts.

Detailed Design Stage

The detailed design stage is a focused stage, where the systemdesigns are documented sufficiently for local contractors to tender upon them. This may be the same as tender documents for the architect or for the structural engineer.

Generally for the detailed design phase, the various disciplines are spending less time together than in previous phases, and work is focused on providing the detailed design.

In preparing final plans and specifications, the following activities will occur;

1.     design systems in conformance with relevant regulations and standards, good engineering practices and the approved design criteria;

2.     select appropriate equipment to meet design criteria and the results of the calculations performed;

3.     cooperate with other design professionals during design of the systems, and make known to them, through the prime consultant, any functional or aesthetic aspects of the systems that may affect the design of their systems. In addition, engineers should take into account design requirements of other design professionals.  In particular, engineers should notify other design engineers of points of interface among the disciplines and determine as soon as possible the horsepower and other electrical requirements of all mechanical loads and the potential conflicts between the electrical and mechanical riser locations and distribution strata, sprinkler piping, etc.;

4.     submit progress reports, drawings and draft specifications, as agreed with the client or prime consultant

Final Plans

Drawings will be made to the same scale as the building layout drawings, and shall clearly define the work.

Separate larger scale and/or more detailed drawings will be required, if the drawings' scale or the work's complexity makes drawings difficult to read and interpret.

For example, separate drawings will generally be required for any special systems requiring greater clarity and for such standard mechanical systems as:

  • plumbing and drainage;
  • mechanical ventilating and air conditioning;
  • fire protection;
  • process piping and equipment;

and such electrical work such as:

  • lighting and power distribution systems;
  • communication and signal systems;
  • conduits, cabletrays and underfloor raceways.

Schematics and diagrams will be required, for all major systems, with notes describing the functions of controls and with large-scale details to show plans and elevations of equipment; include symbol lists and typical details for all equipment, accessories, piping and duct systems, where required;

Typical details will be required that indicate clearly the complexity of the work, possible interferences, critical dimensions and locations of equipment and services.

Plot plans shall be prepared showing connections to such public utility services as water supply, gas supply, sanitary drainage, electric power and communications. Include depths or elevations relating to finished grade;

Schedules that provide capacities and details of performance of fans, air handling units, pumps and other equipment will be provided.  Alternatively, these may be included in the specifications;

Floor plan layouts for all pipe and duct systems will be required. Complete duct and pipe sizing will be shown on these drawings and indicate locations where changes in elevation occur.

Sizes, types, locations and capacities of all air conditioning equipment, supply and exhaust diffusers and grilles, as well as the types and locations of valves, dampers, splitters, etc.;

Piping shall be shown in single line, except where necessary to show arrangements and clearance of piping or ductwork in ceiling spaces, shafts, header trenches, pipe chases and for tight or close-coupled items of equipment.

Ductwork shall be shown in double-line detail and in adequate scale, and include appropriate valves, fittings and accessories;

All circuiting and switching shall be clearly shown on lighting plans. Reference dimensions to the reflected ceiling layouts, walls with tiling are prepared by the prime consultant;

Power distribution drawings shall be detailed as single-line diagrams showing conductor capacities and calculated connected loads;

Communication and signal systems shall be detailed by riser diagrams with locations of equipment, outlets and devices shown by symbols on the floor plans.

Schedule of work by others will be provided in either a separated schedule or incorporated into Specifications.

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